Breeds of Cows Directory: "E": East Anatolian Red - Evolène
Information contained here is summarized from many
different sources. Please refer to those sources for complete
information. Major contributors are
Oklahoma State University, Coroba University of Spain, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Domestic Animal Diversity Program of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Google Images and Wikipedia
| Name, Description |
 East
Anatolian Red Cattle(EARC) which represents 10.02% of the cattle
population of a region with 1,243,482 animals (Emsen, 1993). EARC are
well suited to the harsh climate, poor pasture and severe conditions
that are the characteristics of the hills and uplands of East Anatolia
which is 1300-2000 m above sea level with an average winter temperature
of -15oC and annual rainfall of 350-400 mm. EARC generally used as a
dual purpose breed. After the introduction of the highly productive
breeds in terms of milk and meat yield (Brown Swiss and Simmental)
farmers have showed great interest in these breeds and their crosses
with EARC. These trends and crossing of native breed cows therefore has
had a negative effect on the population of native breeds as well as
EARC. This breed has been taken under the control at East Anatolian
Agricultural Research Institute as a Genetic resource in 1991 as a
result of the decreasing population.
Common color of the EARC is light red, although color
varies from light to dark red. EARC is highly resistant to cold
temperatures and severe conditions and is also very well adapted
physically to derive benefit from short and poor quality pasture. The
hooves of the EARC are small, dense compact. The tip is narrow and sharp
allowing the EARC to control its momentum and balance while grazing on
step and rock terrain. Average mature weight ranges from 250-300 kg.
Calving rate for EARC is about %80 percent in village conditions and
most calves (%60-65) born between the 15th of February and 15th of
April. Birth weight of calves averages 18 kg (Akbulut and Ulutas, 1994).
The average lactation period and milk yields are 170 days and 700-800
kg with a 5-8% fat content respectively. Liveweight gain and feed
conversion efficiency of the EARC and its crosses ranged changing from
616-1009 g and 5.94-9.6 kg respectively according to age and method of
feeding. |
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| Eastland see Red Polled Østland |
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| Einfarbig Gelbes Hohenvich see Gelbvieh |
|
Decended from Shorthorn cattle
originally introduced to this small sub-antartic island by the whalers
in the 1800's, this species has able to survive on a cold, wind-swept
island by eating Kelp (seaweed). In mid-1980 the Enderby Cattle - as
they are now called were brought to the public's attention by New
Zealand's Department of Conservation because they had nearly wiped out
the island's flora.
In the mid-1990s only one cow, ‘Lady’, survived from a
feral herd of almost fifty – descendants of farm animals introduced onto
subantarctic Enderby Island in 1894. Lady was rescued from Enderby
Island and taken to mainland New Zealand in February 1993, after the
rest of the herd had been culled for conservation reasons; she has since
been the subject of intensive scientific research – including cloning –
in an effort to save the breed. (A heifer calf taken from Enderby
Island at the same time, died shortly after being recovered.) By early
2002, Lady; a bull ‘Derby’ (Lady’s son produced by embryo transplant in
1998, using semen recovered from Enderby Island during the culling
operation); and three cloned heifers, all in the care of a New Zealand
veterinary surgeon, represented the total population of Enderby Island
cattle in the world. In 2002, heifer calves sired by Derby were born to
two of the cloned heifers, but in 2003 another two calves were born
dead. In September 2004, both the 2002 heifers and one of the original
clones were in calf to the bull Derby. Another of the clones had died.
Many of the Enderby cattle – including all the
currently existing animals – were black and white, and physically they
most closely resembled the cattle of the Shetland Islands; this may have
been an adaptation to the harsh subantarctic environment. Anecdotal
evidence says that the cattle originally introduced to Enderby Island
were British Shorthorns.
DNA testing of the Enderby cattle was carried out in 2002 and
the results compared with seven other breeds: Angus, Friesian, Belted
Galloway, Hereford, Shetland, Danish Shorthorn and Jersey. All except
the Jersey were eliminated as not being related, and while the Jersey
was the most likely contender of the breeds with which comparisons were
made, the results did not prove that the Enderby cattle were of Jersey
stock. No genotype data for British Shorthorns was available for
comparison. |
|
 The English Longhorn originated in northwest and central England and Ireland. They are used primarily for meat production.
The English Longhorn became the first breed, in the
mid-1700s, that were improved by Robert Bakewell of Leicestershire,
England. Bakewell pioneered the use of inbreeding technique in cattle
selection. He selected the English Longhorn for quick growth and heavy
hindquarters. His selection efforts led the breed to become the most
widely used throughout England and Ireland until it was surpasses by the
Shorthorn breed in the early 1800s.
The breed declined rapidly for nearly 200 years until
it was rescued by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust. The efforts of RBST in
1980 resulted in 255 registered English Longhorns.
The English Longhorn is red-gray-brown or brindled and
all animals are whitebacked. Cows range in height from 130 to 140 cm and
weigh 500 to 600 kg. Males average 150 cm in height and 1000 kg in
weight. |
|
 In
the middle of the 1800s the local Estonian cattle were crossed with the
Angeln breed. Later to improve the crosses Danish Red animals were
used. The aim was to form a breed with high milk yield and high fat
content. The first Estonian Red animals were entered in the herdbook in
1885.
The head is medium in size, with fairly short and
narrow forehead. The neck is of medium size. The chest is often narrow
and of medium depth. The withers and back are level; the rump is wide
and of medium length. The legs are of medium length and correctly set.
The skeleton is fairly strong. The udder is of medium size, glandular.
Coat color is light or dark red; that of the bulls is darker. Body
measurements (in cm) are: withers height 127.5, chest depth 70, chest
width 45.5, oblique body length 157.9, heart girth 195.6, cannon bone
girth 18.3. Better cows have a wide barrel with a solid skeleton and
muscles. The live weight of calves at birth is 31-33 kg; cows weigh
450-550 kg (maximum 780 kg); mature bulls weight 800-900 kg (maximum
1000 kg). The milk yield of 164,900 evaluated cows was 3456 kg with
3.92% fat. The production of Estonian Red cattle at 77 breeding farms is
as follows: average milk yield per cow 3784 kg, fat content 3.98%,
protein content 3.30%. In 12 high producing herds the average milk yield
per cow during a 305-day lactation amounts to 4127-5029 kg, and fat
content is 3.90-4.18%. There are 25 record holders in these herds:
including cow 5338 - 5th lactation, 9610 kg milk, 4.14% fat; cow 4519 -
7th lactation, 8554 kg of milk, 4.47% fat; cow 2431 - 2nd lactation,
7806 kg milk, 4.65% fat.
Improvement of the Estonian Red cattle is being carried
out by pure breeding and by crossbreeding with the Danish Red and the
Angeln. The new type with Angeln blood should have the following
performance: milk yield not less than 7000 kg with 4.0% fat, milking
rate 1.9 kg per minute, live weight of cows over 600 kg. According to
the census the total population of the Estonian Red breed in 1980 was
492,000. This breed accounts for 63.3% of all cattle in Estonia. |
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| Eringer see Herens |
|
 The
Evolène Cow as a small, temperamental and mountain-going breed is
strong in milk production and is found in the side valleys of Wallis.
The Evolène Cow is regarded as an ancient breed of the
Wallis. Sources extend back into the previous century, when Evolène and
Eringer stood for the same breed. Already then competition existed,
producing a well performing, but less robust and less Alps suitable
Braunvieh. These animals were earlier frequently variegated. The
variegated coloring was excluded however in the breeding of the Eringer,
and in this way the present black, seldom red color was bred out. Only a
small stock of variegated, lighter and milk-producing Evolène cows was
able to survive in the side valleys of the Rhone. Thanks to a few
hard-nosed Welschland breeders, the cow was protected from extinction.
Today the Evolène can be found extensively in Upper Wallis (Oberwallis).
Earlier Evolène cows were exported to Austria and the Aosta Valley and
crossed with the breeds found there like the Tuxer or the Valdostana.
Characteristics of the animal: The present-day Evolène
is an easily satisfied and vigorous animal. Its coloring is mostly red,
more seldom black with white spots on the belly, tail and often the back
and forehead. It is a dual-purpose breed (milk and meat). This very
small cow has a very good ratio of body weight to milk production.
Thanks to its small limbs with strong, but thin bones, the Evolène has a
very good slaughter yield. This cow is very mountain-going,
temperamental and aggressive. The pretty color, the delicate form, as
well as its reliability bring the breeder much joy.
Breeding Organization: This cow, viewed in Wallis as an
artifact of culture, was seized upon by several Upper Wallis initiators
and bred with much care. It is said to be maintained in its homeland,
the Wallis, as the Evolène Cow in its beautiful color and form and with
its own characteristics. With the help of Pro Specie Rara a herd book
was assembled in 1994. In January 1995 an association/society was
founded.
Article Credit: http://www.moocow.com/info/breedsofcows/e.breedsofcows.shtml |
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