EXOTIC DAIRY BREEDS
The European breeds of dairy cattle
belong to the species of Bas Taurus.
hey are humpless generally large
spread with a fine coat, short ears, without a
pendulous, dewlap:
They are less heat tolerant and less
disease resistant when compared to
ndian cattle, but are superior in
milk production,
Breeds of dairy cattle and buffalos
Exotic breeds of cattle have been
used in India on a fairly extensive scale
with a view to improve the milk
yielding capacity of the indigenous cows.
The important European breeds of
dairy cattle are Holstein rown Swiss,
Jersey Guernsey and Ayrshire.
Out of the above breeds there is
greater demand and use of H.F and
ersey breeds for crossing with the
indjgenous cows in India.
HOLSTIEN FRIESIAN
This is the worlds highest milk
yielding breed through the fat percentage
of milk is very low. The home of
this breed is Holland is the provinces of north
Holland and wear Fries land. Animals
of this breed are the largest among the
European breeds. This breed of
animals are imported by many countries in the
world.
The colour of the animal is clearly
defined. Black and white markings and
re switch is always white. The
animals are the largest with large barrel rid udders.
The head is long and narrow. The
cows are docile. The heifers are bred at 18 to
21 months of age. The calves are
stronger, vigours weighing on the average
about 40 kg at birth Some pure bred
animals may be solid black. Holestein
Fresian Heifersmature much later
than the other European breeds. Fresiani.
The ideal body weight of a cow is
682 kg and that of bull is 1000 kg. The
cows are heavy milkers and the
average lactational yield is 4295 kg in laction,
with milk fat of 3.4 percentage.
Individual animals touched 19,995 kg of milk in
a lactation period of 365 days (One
year).
The milk of these animals are used
for cheese making as the fat percentage
is low. This breed is also good for
beef production, because of its fast growth
and body fat. It is good for veal
production due to good birth weight and growth
rates of calves.
BROWN SWISS:
These cattle were developed in
mountains area of Switzerland. colour
varies from light brown to almost
black. The muzzle is of lig colour. And also
along the back bone a light coloured
stripe is present. is oldest of dairy breeds.
It is the second-heaviest to the
Holstein Fresi breed. White or off colour spots,
above the underside of the belly or
white core in the switch, are not desired by
the pure bred breeder Brown Swiss
animals are large body size, Brown Swiss
animals with very good birth weight
of calves, and white colour of the body,
Bro Swiss heifers mature and reach
peak production at an later than oth dairy
breeds.
Brown Swiss anim.als originally
grazing on mountain slopes in their tra
made them excellent grazer. The
breed was developed for chee production and
so emphasis was given for high milk
production, with lo fat content and the milk
fat is 4 %.
JERSEY
The home of this breed is Jersey
Island in the channel Islands. Thi breed
is popular and widely distributed
all over the world.
Jersey is the smallest of the
European dairy breeds, and the earlie maturing
among them. The heifers are bred at
an age 14 to 18 months.
The colour of the animals is brown
with variation of brown to black an
vary from white spotted to solid in
marking. The switch is white or blac The
animal is small in size, with a good
capacity for milk production. Th milk fat is
high i.e. 5.3% and milk solids are
15 %. It can be said that th Jersey milk has
the highest milk fat percentage. And
the highe percentage of SNF out of the
five European breeds. Jersey milk is
yello’ in colour due to high carotene3nd is
good for butter making. Since Jers
animals are relatively small in size, and as
the body fat is yellow in coto they
are not good for beef and veal production.
Jersey animals aw v,iPli acc
tamatiseci in India It is the smallest of t (iairy
breeds It is Pcxonor»ic;al to
maintain.
The average. milk vield of the cow
is 2727 kg in a lactation. Individu al
yielded 13.296 kq in 365 days.
GUERNSEY:
The home of this breed is Guernsey
Island of the Channel islands.
The colour of the animal varies from
light brown to almost red with white
markings. White markings are usually
found on face, Legs flank and switch.
The nose may be cream or buff
coloured, having smoky colour is permitted.
The skin is yellow. This breed is
little heavier than Jersey.
Heifers are generally breed at the
age of 17 to 18 months. This breed is
noticed for uniformity of typed. The
milk was’primarily used for butter as the
milk colour is more yellow than the
jersy m;lk due to higher carotene content
arid the butter colour will be
golden yellow.
The milk fat and SNF percentages are
slightly lower than Jersey milk.
The Guernsey is less rugged than
Holstein F-resian~rmore rugged than Jersey.
The udder is less symmetrical than
Jersey. Cows are active and alert but not
nervous and can be easily
maintainen.
The birth weight of calves in this
breed is slightly more than, that of the
Jersey breed. The small body size
and yellow body fat makes this breed
unsuitable for beef and veal
production. The animals do not have good growing
ability Guernsey heifers mature
slightly later than the Jersey heifers.
The milk fat is nearly 5 %.
Individuals cows have given 14,562 kg of
milk in 365 days. Average birth
weight of calves is 34 kg. Cows weight is
about 455 to 545 kg and bulls weight
727 kg ,
The average milk yield of cows is
2909 kg per lactation with 5°l° fat.
AYRSHIRE:
The home of this breed is Ayr in
Scotland. These animals are distributed
all over the world. The colour of
the animals is red or white, with markings or,
with white spottings. The red colour
may be very light to almost red.
The animals are beautiful with
shortest top lines, leveled rumps, and good
udders. Horns are long and turned
upwards. The animals are alert and active
and they are good grazers. Heifers
are generally bred at an age o” 18 to 20
months.
Dairy Animals Management
Average weight of the females is 455
kg and for males it is from 545 tv
682 kg. The calves born are strong
vigorous and easy to raise and thei birth
weight is 32 to 36 kg. The average
milk yield of cows is 3664 kg wit’ 4°,’° fat
in a lactation. Individual animals
gives 14,625 kg of milk in 30 day
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